Evaluación de la promoción de la salud en empresas afiliadas a la Cámara de Industrias de Costa Rica
Contenido principal del artículo
Keywords
salud laboral, productividad, salud, ausentismo, presentismo
Resumen
El lugar de trabajo se ha considerado ideal para realizar intervenciones en la dieta y estilo de vida que pueden contribuir a prevenir y controlar las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, la principal causa de muerte y discapacidad en América Latina (1-3). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la situación de la promoción de la salud en empresas asociadas a la Cámara de Industrias de Costa Rica. Métodos: Se envió una encuesta electrónica sobre infraestructura, servicios y promoción de salud a 765 empresas activas de la Cámara de Comercio de Costa Rica. Un total de 224 empresas (29,4%) respondieron: n=126 micro y pequeñas (<30 empleados), n=44 medianas (30 a 100 empleados) y n=55 grandes (>100 empleados). Resultados: Menos de 38% de empresas micro y pequeñas y <55% de empresas medianas y grandes reportaron haber realizado evaluaciones de dieta, obesidad, estrés y postura. Las incapacidades fueron consideradas la principal causa de ausentismo: 53% en las micro y pequeñas empresas, 65.9% en las medianas y 70.9% en las grandes. Las causas de ausentismo consideradas más frecuentes fueron las musculares (7.9-27.3%) y digestivas (10.3-23.6%), mientras que el ausentismo por causas mentales y enfermedades crónicas fue <8%. Las empresas medianas y grandes reportaron contar con zonas verdes (54%), instalación deportiva (24%), gimnasio (14%) y piscina (8%), médico de empresa (70%) y servicios de nutrición (30%), psicología (15%) y seguro privado (40%). Conclusiones: Existe una gran brecha en el acceso a facilidades y programas para la promoción de la salud en las empresas evaluadas.
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