Evaluación de la promoción de la salud en empresas afiliadas a la Cámara de Industrias de Costa Rica

Contenido principal del artículo

Anton Zamora-Ilarionov, MSc
Catalina Capitán-Jimenez, MSc
Andrea Molina-Segura
Hannia Campos, PhD

Keywords

salud laboral, productividad, salud, ausentismo, presentismo

Resumen

El lugar de trabajo se ha considerado ideal para realizar intervenciones en la dieta y estilo de vida que pueden contribuir a prevenir y controlar las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, la principal causa de muerte y discapacidad en América Latina (1-3). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la situación de la promoción de la salud en empresas asociadas a la Cámara de Industrias de Costa Rica. Métodos: Se envió una encuesta electrónica sobre infraestructura, servicios y promoción de salud a 765 empresas activas de la Cámara de Comercio de Costa Rica. Un total de 224 empresas (29,4%) respondieron: n=126 micro y pequeñas (<30 empleados), n=44 medianas (30 a 100 empleados) y n=55 grandes (>100 empleados). Resultados: Menos de 38% de empresas micro y pequeñas y <55% de empresas medianas y grandes reportaron haber realizado evaluaciones de dieta, obesidad, estrés y postura. Las incapacidades fueron consideradas la principal causa de ausentismo: 53% en las micro y pequeñas empresas, 65.9% en las medianas y 70.9% en las grandes. Las causas de ausentismo consideradas más frecuentes fueron las musculares (7.9-27.3%) y digestivas (10.3-23.6%), mientras que el ausentismo por causas mentales y enfermedades crónicas fue <8%. Las empresas medianas y grandes reportaron contar con zonas verdes (54%), instalación deportiva (24%), gimnasio (14%) y piscina (8%), médico de empresa (70%) y servicios de nutrición (30%), psicología (15%) y seguro privado (40%). Conclusiones: Existe una gran brecha en el acceso a facilidades y programas para la promoción de la salud en las empresas evaluadas.

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