Tumor de cuerpo carotídeo: una revisión bibliográfica

Contenido principal del artículo

MD Adrián Goyenaga
MD Joyce Valverde
MD Roberto Sittenfeld https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-9344
MD Juan Solano
MD Daniela Zamora

Keywords

cuerpo carotídeo, endarterectomía, paraganglioma

Resumen

El tumor de cuerpo carotídeo es un paraganglioma ubicado en la bifurcación carotídea y se origina de células quimiorreceptoras a nivel de cuello. Si bien su incidencia es baja, corresponde el principal paraganglioma a nivel de cabeza y cuello. Usualmente son benignos, sin embargo, se ha reportado una tasa de malignidad del 5-10%. Frecuentemente se presentan como masas asintomáticas a nivel anterior del músculo esternocleidomastoideo. En ocasiones pueden provocar compresión nerviosa de diversos pares craneales y síntomas de descarga adrenérgica producto de la liberación de catecolaminas. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de ultrasonido doppler, angiografía por tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica por medio de endarterectomía. Dentro de las complicaciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes se encuentra el evento cerebrovascular y la lesión nerviosa de pares craneales. En esta revisión bibliográfica se aborda la presentación clínica y manejo terapéutico del tumor de cuerpo carotídeo desde una manera integral y actualizada.

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