Exercise-induced rhabdomyolisis
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Keywords
Creatine kinase, myoglobinuria, skeletal muscle
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a pathology described as the destruction of skeletal muscle tissue and the consequent outflow of intracellular muscle content composed by creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, dehydrogenated lactate, and electrolytes, into the bloodstream. The pathophysiology of the muscular disruption is characterized by an intracellular hydro electrolytic imbalance (especially an increase in cytoplasmic calcium) caused by damage to the plasma membrane or a reduction in the availability of ATP. There are various etiological causes of this clinical syndrome, however, this review is focused on exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis which can be triggered by the physical condition and sports experience, intensity and duration of the activity, type of executed exercise, feeding habits and environmental conditions. This review pays special attention to the diagnostic process of the pathology, the management of the syndrome based on adequate hydration and the prevention measures while exercising that decrease the risk of rhabdomyolysis.
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