La epilepsia y factores de riesgo: una revisión narrativa
Contenido principal del artículo
Keywords
Epilepsia, Factores de riesgo
Resumen
La epilepsia es un trastorno neurológico común a nivel mundial que afecta a más de 50 millones de personas, desde niños hasta adultos de edad avanzada. Existen diferentes factores de riesgo que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de la epilepsia, como factores ambientales, factores orgánicos, factores asociados al recién nacido o a la mujer gestante. Por tanto, es necesario reconocer estos factores para proporcionar una atención integral adecuada al paciente, con diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Además, al identificar los factores modificables, se pueden tomar medidas para prevenir la aparición de epilepsia en las personas.
Citas
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8. Nahum Sacks K, Friger M, Shoham-Vardi I, Sergienko R, Spiegel E, Landau D, et al. Long-term neuropsychiatric morbidity in children exposed prenatally to preeclampsia. Early Hum Dev [Internet]. 2019;130(December 2018):96–100. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.016
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13. Lino J, Diniz L, Rezende L, Costa V, Romanelli R. Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review. J Perinat Med. 2022;50(7):993–1000.
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15. Barah F, Whiteside S, Batista S, Morris J. Neurological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol. 2014;24(3):154–68.
16. Akpan U, Pillarisetty L. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082047/
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18. Lee SH, Byeon JH, Kim GH, Eun BL, Eun SH. Epilepsy in children with a history of febrile seizures. Korean J Pediatr. 2016;59(2):74–9.
19. Ferlazzo E, Gasparini S, Beghi E, Sueri C, Russo E, Leo A, et al. Epilepsy in cerebrovascular diseases: Review of experimental and clinical data with meta-analysis of risk factors. Epilepsia. 2016;57(8):1205–14.
20. Ferreira-Atuesta C, Döhler N, Erdélyi-Canavese B, Felbecker A, Siebel P, Scherrer N, et al. Seizures after Ischemic Stroke: A Matched Multicenter Study. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(5):808–20.
21. Conrad J, Pawlowski M, Dogan M, Kovac S, Ritter MA, Evers S. Seizures after cerebrovascular events: Risk factors and clinical features. Seizure. 2013;22(4):275–82.
22. Zhang P, Yang Y, Zou J, Yang X, Liu Q, Chen Y. Seizures and epilepsy secondary to viral infection in the central nervous system. Acta Epileptol. 2020;2(1).
23. Larsen FTBD, Brandt CT, Larsen L, Klastrup V, Wiese L, Helweg-Larsen J, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of seizures in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Denmark: Observational cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7):1–9.
24. Zelano J, Westman G. Epilepsy after brain infection in adults: A register-based population-wide study. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3213–20.
25. Wang X, Loi SM, Foster E, Chen Z, Velakoulis D, Kwan P. Predictors of New-Onset Epilepsy in People With Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13(March):1–11.
26. Difrancesco JC, Tremolizzo L, Polonia V, Giussani G, Bianchi E, Franchi C, et al. Adult-Onset Epilepsy in Presymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease: A Retrospective Study. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2017;60(4):1267–74.
27. Xu T, Yu X, Ou S, Liu X, Yuan J, Huang H, et al. Risk factors for posttraumatic epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav [Internet]. 2017;67:1–6. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.10.026
28. Ding K, Gupta PK, Diaz-Arrastia R. Epilepsy after Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Laskowitz D, Grant G, editors. Boca Raton (FL); 2016.
29. Larsson SC, Burgess S. Appraising the causal role of smoking in multiple diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. eBioMedicine [Internet]. 2022;82:104154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104154
30. Zhang Z, Wang M, Yuan S, Liu X. Alcohol, Coffee, and Milk Intake in Relation to Epilepsy Risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1–6.
2. Ropper A, Brown R. Principles of Neurology. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. McGraw-Hill; 2019. 283 p.
3. World Health Organization. Epilepsy Report by the Director-General. [Internet]. 2020;146th sess(november):1–41.
Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355987
4. Kestel D. El abordaje de la epilepsia desde el sector de la salud pública 2018 [Internet]. Organizacion Panamericana de la salud. 2018. 3–5 p. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/node/63428
5. Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689–701. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0
6. Walsh S, Donnan J, Fortin Y, Sikora L, Morrissey A, Collins K, et al. A systematic review of the risks factors associated with the onset and natural progression of epilepsy. Neurotoxicology. 2017;61:64–77. Disponible en:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.011
7. Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang J guo, Hu W, Ge M, et al. Risk factors for post-stroke seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Res [Internet]. 2014;108(10):1806–16. Disponible en:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.030
8. Nahum Sacks K, Friger M, Shoham-Vardi I, Sergienko R, Spiegel E, Landau D, et al. Long-term neuropsychiatric morbidity in children exposed prenatally to preeclampsia. Early Hum Dev [Internet]. 2019;130(December 2018):96–100. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.016
9. Chou IC, Sung FC, Hong SY. Incidence of epilepsy in children born prematurely and small for gestational age at term gestation: A population-based cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020;56(2):324–9.
10. Neu N, Duchon J, Zachariah P. TORCH infections. Clin Perinatol [Internet]. 2015;42(1):77–103. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2014.11.001
11. Jaan A, Rajnik M. TORCH Complex. StatPearls Publ [Internet]. 2022; Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32809363/
12. Ngoungou EB, Bhalla D, Nzoghe A, Dardé ML, Preux PM. Toxoplasmosis and Epilepsy — Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(2):1–10.
13. Lino J, Diniz L, Rezende L, Costa V, Romanelli R. Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review. J Perinat Med. 2022;50(7):993–1000.
14. Gomez GB, Kamb ML, Newman LM, Mark J, Broutet N, Hawkes SJ. La sífilis materna no tratada y los resultados adversos en el embarazo: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(3):217–26.
15. Barah F, Whiteside S, Batista S, Morris J. Neurological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol. 2014;24(3):154–68.
16. Akpan U, Pillarisetty L. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082047/
17. LA O, A S, JS B. Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Exposed and HIV-Infected Infants: A Systematic Review HHS Public Access. Physiol Behav. 2017;176(5):139–48.
18. Lee SH, Byeon JH, Kim GH, Eun BL, Eun SH. Epilepsy in children with a history of febrile seizures. Korean J Pediatr. 2016;59(2):74–9.
19. Ferlazzo E, Gasparini S, Beghi E, Sueri C, Russo E, Leo A, et al. Epilepsy in cerebrovascular diseases: Review of experimental and clinical data with meta-analysis of risk factors. Epilepsia. 2016;57(8):1205–14.
20. Ferreira-Atuesta C, Döhler N, Erdélyi-Canavese B, Felbecker A, Siebel P, Scherrer N, et al. Seizures after Ischemic Stroke: A Matched Multicenter Study. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(5):808–20.
21. Conrad J, Pawlowski M, Dogan M, Kovac S, Ritter MA, Evers S. Seizures after cerebrovascular events: Risk factors and clinical features. Seizure. 2013;22(4):275–82.
22. Zhang P, Yang Y, Zou J, Yang X, Liu Q, Chen Y. Seizures and epilepsy secondary to viral infection in the central nervous system. Acta Epileptol. 2020;2(1).
23. Larsen FTBD, Brandt CT, Larsen L, Klastrup V, Wiese L, Helweg-Larsen J, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of seizures in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Denmark: Observational cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7):1–9.
24. Zelano J, Westman G. Epilepsy after brain infection in adults: A register-based population-wide study. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3213–20.
25. Wang X, Loi SM, Foster E, Chen Z, Velakoulis D, Kwan P. Predictors of New-Onset Epilepsy in People With Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13(March):1–11.
26. Difrancesco JC, Tremolizzo L, Polonia V, Giussani G, Bianchi E, Franchi C, et al. Adult-Onset Epilepsy in Presymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease: A Retrospective Study. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2017;60(4):1267–74.
27. Xu T, Yu X, Ou S, Liu X, Yuan J, Huang H, et al. Risk factors for posttraumatic epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav [Internet]. 2017;67:1–6. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.10.026
28. Ding K, Gupta PK, Diaz-Arrastia R. Epilepsy after Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Laskowitz D, Grant G, editors. Boca Raton (FL); 2016.
29. Larsson SC, Burgess S. Appraising the causal role of smoking in multiple diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. eBioMedicine [Internet]. 2022;82:104154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104154
30. Zhang Z, Wang M, Yuan S, Liu X. Alcohol, Coffee, and Milk Intake in Relation to Epilepsy Risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1–6.
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Publicado
feb 17, 2023
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Cómo citar
Sequeira-Quesada, C., Delgado-Gómez, D., Céspedes-Valverde, M., & Chaves-Jimenez, M. (2023). La epilepsia y factores de riesgo: una revisión narrativa . Revista Hispanoamericana De Ciencias De La Salud, 9(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.56239/rhcs.2023.91.597
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Biografía del autor/a
MD Carlos Sequeira-Quesada, Escuela de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica
Médico Residente del Postgrado de Neurología.
Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social. San José, Costa Rica.